A new report from Forrester Research declares that the wave of mega-acquisitions in the software industry is over for now, though big vendors will continue to snap up smaller firms as they round out their portfolios.

"We do expect more consolidation to occur, but predict that the acquisitions of Business Objects by SAP, Cognos by IBM, and Oracle's renewed bid for BEA will be the last hurrahs in this cycle for super-sized acquisitions within the software industry of vendors with more than $US1 billion in revenues and deal sizes of $5 billion or more," analysts, R. "Ray" Wang and Andrew Bartels, said in the report.

The analysts noted that the market could see hardware vendors such as Cisco make major software buys, but said such scenarios do not constitute software vendor consolidation in the traditional sense.

Three major factors will staunch the flow of megadeals, they argued.

Citing projections showing double-digit growth in global software revenue for 2007 and 2008, Wang and Bartels argued that vendors will not need to grow through large purchases in the immediate future, and will instead choose "organic growth and spot acquisitions" to satisfy shareholders.

Second, the credit crunch caused by the subprime mortgage meltdown is making it harder to borrow large sums. And thirdly, there are simply fewer large ISVs to buy, the analysts noted. They identified 18 large independent software vendors that are potential targets, and said many of those can be eliminated because of "poor fit with strategy, financial or business questions, high price, or other considerations that stymie acquisitions."

IBM will be the most aggressive with acquisitions, and may go after packaged applications, a field it has largely avoided to date, according to the report.

"The most likely scenario involves smaller acquisitions of key ISVs, building on Websphere. But if IBM makes a move for packaged apps to compete with Oracle, top apps targets could include IBM partners like Infor, IFS, Lawson, or even SAP. Industry-specific targets could include Amdocs, Deltek, and Primavera Systems," the authors stated.

Wang said he was comfortable making this prediction despite IBM's insistence that it has no designs on packaged applications. "Last year, they spent the whole year saying they were never going to buy a BI vendor," Wang said, referring to IBM's deal to buy Cognos.

As for Oracle, it will buy companies tied to middleware and vertical business applications, according to Forrester. "We expect Oracle to make midsize bets in key verticals like project base solutions (e.g., Computer Methods International or CMiC, Manhattan CenterStone), financial services (e.g., Temenos), retail (e.g., Escalate), and telecom, utilities, and public services (e.g., SunGard).

SAP will make small purchases to flesh out NetWeaver, according to the analysts. These may include vendors of user interface tooling, master data management software and business process management products, they said, citing SAP's recent buy of Yasu Technologies, which makes a business rules engine, as evidence. "Additional acquisitions could come from existing partners like AmberPoint SOA Management, F5, Magic Software Enterprises, OpenText, Savvion, and Worksoft," they added.

Among the big four players, Microsoft will be "the least active" in terms of acquisitions, according to Forrester. "Expect the Redmond giant to make selective acquisitions that do not conflict too much with its ecosystem strategy," they wrote. Possible targets include "middleware solution providers like VisionWare in the customer data integration space, Riversand Technologies in the personal information manager (PIM) space, and Web 2.0 specialists that enhance its Information Workplace platform."

Software executives offered mixed reactions. Senior vice-president of HP's software division, Tom Hogan, said his firm will likely continue to acquire companies, but is focused more on organic growth. Last year HP spent about 70 per cent of its roughly $US3.5 billion research and development budget on software, according to Hogan.

"That's a lot of internal R&D that should ... generate commercially viable software over the next couple of years," he said. "If you want to really hit the home run for shareholders, you build it yourself. When we can't build it because we don't have the DNA or the time, then we will turn to strategic M&A."

Executives at smaller vendors offered other takes. Informatica, a data integration vendor, is competing with the likes of IBM but enjoying strong growth, reporting this week that its 2007 revenues rose 21 per cent to $391 million. CEO, Sohaib Abbasi, said mergers and acquisitions in the software industry should be examined beyond the size of a given deal.

The pace of consolidation is much more aggressive in established categories like business applications, he noted. "At the other extreme is emerging categories such as software-as-a-service (SaaS), where there is no consolidation to speak of."

Informatica is doing well thanks to the relative newness of its space, he said: "We are in the very early days of the data integration market. Half of our deals are uncontested."

CEO of the portfolio-management-software company Planview, Patrick Durbin, said in a recent interview that his privately held firm, which has 450 customers, has "critical mass" and can survive as an independent.

Durbin's firm partners with various companies, including Microsoft. He couldn't say for sure what would happen if it or another firm came knocking: "The moment I tell you I'll never sell is the moment someone's going to back up a truck with a boatload of money."